Who Freed the Slaves?
The Fight over the Thirteenth Amendment
Leonard L. Richards
- In
- the
- popular
- imagination,
- slavery
- in
- the
- United
- States
- ended
- with
- Abraham
- Lincoln’s
- Emancipation
- Proclamation.
- The
- Proclamation
- may
- have
- been
- limited—freeing
- only
- slaves
- within
- Confederate
- states
- who
- were
- able
- to
- make
- their
- way
- to
- Union
- lines—but
- it
- is
- nonetheless
- generally
- seen
- as
- the
- key
- moment,
- with
- Lincoln’s
- leadership
- setting
- into
- motion
- a
- train
- of
- inevitable
- events
- that
- culminated
- in
- the
- passage
- of
- an
- outright
- ban:
- the
- Thirteenth
- Amendment.The
- real
- story,
- however,
- is
- much
- more
- complicated—and
- dramatic—than
- that.
- With
- Who
- Freed
- the
- Slaves?,
- distinguished
- historian
- Leonard
- L.
- Richards
- tells
- the
- little-known
- story
- of
- the
- battle
- over
- the
- Thirteenth
- Amendment,
- and
- of
- James
- Ashley,
- the
- unsung
- Ohio
- congressman
- who
- proposed
- the
- amendment
- and
- steered
- it
- to
- passage.
- Taking
- readers
- to
- the
- floor
- of
- Congress
- and
- the
- back
- rooms
- where
- deals
- were
- made,
- Richards
- brings
- to
- life
- the
- messy
- process
- of
- legislation—a
- process
- made
- all
- the
- more
- complicated
- by
- the
- bloody
- war
- and
- the
- deep-rooted
- fear
- of
- black
- emancipation.
- We
- watch
- as
- Ashley
- proposes,
- fine-tunes,
- and
- pushes
- the
- amendment
- even
- as
- Lincoln
- drags
- his
- feet,
- only
- coming
- aboard
- and
- providing
- crucial
- support
- at
- the
- last
- minute.
- Even
- as
- emancipation
- became
- the
- law
- of
- the
- land,
- Richards
- shows,
- its
- opponents
- were
- already
- regrouping,
- beginning
- what
- would
- become
- a
- decades-long—and
- largely
- successful—fight
- to
- limit
- the
- amendment’s
- impact.Who
- Freed
- the
- Slaves?
- is
- a
- masterwork
- of
- American
- history,
- presenting
- a
- surprising,
- nuanced
- portrayal
- of
- a
- crucial
- moment
- for
- the
- nation,
- one
- whose
- effects
- are
- still
- being
- felt today.
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